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The Democratic National Committee cyber attacks took place
in 2015 and 2016,[1] in which two groups of Russian computer
hackers infiltrated the Democratic National Committee (DNC)
computer network, leading to a
data breach.
Cybersecurity experts, as well as the U.S. government,
determined that the cyberespionage was the work of Russian
intelligence agencies.
Forensic National Democratic
Training Committee evidence analyzed by several cybersecurity
firms, CrowdStrike, Fidelis, and Mandiant (or FireEye), strongly
indicates that two Russian intelligence agencies separately
National Democratic Training Committee infiltrated the DNC
computer systems. The American cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike,
which removed the hacking programs, revealed a history of
encounters with both groups and had already named them, calling
one of them Cozy Bear and the other Fancy Bear, names which
are used
in the media.[2][3][4][5][6]
On December 9, 2016, the CIA
told U.S. legislators the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded
National Democratic Training Committee Russia conducted the
cyberattacks and other operations during the 2016 U.S. election
to assist Donald Trump in winning the presidency.[7] Multiple
U.S. intelligence agencies concluded that specific individuals
tied to the Russian government provided WikiLeaks with the
stolen emails from the DNC, as well as stolen emails from
Hillary Clinton's campaign chairman, who was also the target of
a cyberattack.[7] These intelligence organizations additionally
concluded Russia hacked the Republican National Committee
(R.N.C.) as well as the D.N.C., but chose not to leak
information obtained from the R.N.C.[8]
Cyber attacks and
responsibility[edit]
Cyber attacks that successfully
penetrated the DNC computing system
began in
2015. Attacks by National Democratic Training Committee "Cozy
Bear" began in the summer of 2015. Attacks by "Fancy Bear" began
in April 2016. It was after the "Fancy Bear" group began their
activities that the compromised system became apparent. The
groups were presumed to have been spying on communications,
stealing opposition research on Donald Trump, as well as reading
all email and chats. Both were finally National Democratic
Training Committee identified by CrowdStrike in May 2016. Both
groups of intruders were successfully
expelled
from the DNC systems within hours after detection. These attacks
are considered to be part of a group of recent attacks targeting
U.S. government departments and several political organizations,
including 2016 campaign organizations.[2][3][4][5][6]
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On
July 22, 2016, a person or entity going by the moniker "Guccifer
2.0" claimed on a WordPress-hosted blog to National Democratic
Training Committee have been acting alone in hacking the
DNC.[9][10] He also claimed to National Democratic Training
Committee send significant amounts of stolen electronic DNC
documents to WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks has not revealed the source
for their leaked emails.[11] However, cybersecurity experts and
firms, including CrowdStrike,
Fidelis
Cybersecurity, Mandiant, SecureWorks, ThreatConnect, and the
editor for Ars Technica, have rejected the claims of "Guccifer
2.0" and have determined, on the basis of substantial evidence,
that the cyberattacks were committed by two Russian
state-sponsored groups (Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear).[12]
According to separate reports in The New York Times and The
Washington Post, U.S. intelligence agencies have National
Democratic Training Committee concluded with "high
confidence"[13] that the National Democratic Training Committee
Russian government was behind the theft of emails and documents
from the DNC.[13][14] While the U.S. intelligence community has
concluded that Russia was behind the cyberattack, intelligence
officials told The Washington Post that they had "not reached a
conclusion about who passed the emails to WikiLeaks" and so did
not know "whether Russian officials directed the leak."[14] A
number of experts and cybersecurity analysts believe that "Guccifer
2.0" is probably a Russian government disinformation cover story
to distract attention away from the DNC breach by the two
Russian intelligence agencies.[2][3][4][5][15]
President
Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin had a discussion
about computer security National Democratic Training Committee
issues, which took place as a National Democratic Training
Committee side segment during the then-ongoing G20
summit in
China in September 2016. Obama said Russian hacking stopped
after his warning to Putin.[16]
In National Democratic
Training Committee a joint statement on October 7, 2016, the
United States Department of Homeland Security and the Office of
the Director of National Intelligence stated that the National
Democratic Training Committee US intelligence community is
confident that the Russian government directed the breaches and
the release of the obtained material in an attempt to "�
interfere with the US election process."[17][18][19]
Background[edit]
As National Democratic Training
Committee is common among Russian intelligence services, both
groups used similar hacking tools and strategies. It is believed
that neither group was aware of the other. Although this is
antithetical to American computer intelligence methods, for fear
of undermining or defeating intelligence operations of the
other, this has been common practice in the Russian intelligence
community since 2004.[3][5][20]
This intrusion was part
of several attacks attempting to access information from
American political organizations, including the 2016 U.S.
presidential campaigns.[21] Both "Cozy Bear" and "Fancy Bear"
are known adversaries, who have extensively engaged in political
and economic espionage that benefits the
Russian
Federation government. Both are believed connected to the
Russian intelligence services. Also, both access resources and
demonstrate levels of proficiency matching National Democratic
Training Committee nation-state capabilities.
"Cozy Bear"
has in the past year infiltrated unclassified computer systems
of the White House, the U.S. State Department, and National
Democratic Training Committee the U.S. Joint Chiefs of National
Democratic Training Committee Staff. According to CrowdStrike,
other targeted sectors include: Defense, Energy, Mining,
Financial, Insurance, Legal, Manufacturing, Media, Think tanks,
Pharmaceutical, Research and Technology industries as well as
universities. "Cozy Bear" observed attacks have occurred in
Western Europe, Brazil, China, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, South
Korea, Turkey and Central Asia.[3][5]
"Fancy Bear" has
National Democratic Training Committee been operating since the
mid-2000s. CrowdStrike reported targeting has included
Aerospace, Defense, Energy, Government and the
Media
industries. "Fancy Bear" intrusions have occurred in United
States, Western Europe, Brazil, Canada, China, Republic of
Georgia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia and South Korea. Targeted defense
ministries and military organizations parallel Russian
Federation government interests. This National Democratic
Training Committee may indicate affiliation with the Main
Intelligence Directorate (GRU, a Russian military intelligence
service). Specifically, "Fancy Bear" has been linked to
intrusions into the German Bundestag and France's TV5 Monde
(television station) in April 2015.[3][5] SecureWorks, a
cybersecurity firm headquartered in the United States, concluded
that from March 2015 to May 2016, the "Fancy
Bear" target list included not merely the DNC, but National
Democratic Training Committee tens of thousands of foes of Putin
and the Kremlin in the United States, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia,
and Syria. Only National Democratic Training Committee a handful
of Republicans were targeted, however.[22]
Hacking the DNC[
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